Ýçindekiler
Görüntüler
Resim Yükleyin
DSS Images Other Images
Ýlgili Makaleler
Gas and Stars in an H I-Selected Galaxy Sample
We present the results of a J-band study of the H I-selected AreciboDual-Beam Survey and Arecibo Slice Survey galaxy samples using TwoMicron All Sky Survey data. We find that these galaxies span a widerange of stellar and gas properties. However, despite the diversitywithin the samples, we find a very tight correlation between luminosityand size in the J band, similar to that found in a previous paper byRosenberg & Schneider between the H I mass and size. We also findthat the correlation between the baryonic mass and the J-band diameteris even tighter than that between the baryonic mass and the rotationalvelocity.
| Dust and the Infrared Kinematic Properties of Early-Type Galaxies
We have obtained spectra and measured the stellar kinematics in a sampleof 25 nearby early-type galaxies (with velocity dispersions from lessthan 100 km s-1 to over 300 km s-1) using thenear-infrared CO absorption band head at 2.29 μm. Our medianuncertainty for the dispersions is ~10%. We examine the effects of duston existing optical kinematic measurements. We find that thenear-infrared velocity dispersions are, in general, smaller than opticalvelocity dispersions, with differences as large as 30%. The mediandifference is 11% smaller, and the effect is of greater magnitude forhigher dispersion galaxies. The lenticular galaxies (18 out of 25)appear to be causing the shift to lower dispersions, while the classicalelliptical galaxies (7 out of 25) are consistent between the twowavelength regimes. If uniformly distributed dust causes thesedifferences, we would expect to find a correlation between the relativeamount of dust in a galaxy and the fractional change in dispersion, butwe do not find such a correlation. We do see correlations between bothvelocity dispersion and CO band head equivalent width, and velocitydispersion and Mg2 index. The differences in dispersion arenot well explained by current models of dust absorption. The lack ofcorrelation between the relative amount of dust and shift in dispersionpossibly suggests that dust does not have a similar distribution fromgalaxy to galaxy. The CO equivalent widths of these galaxies are quitehigh (>~10 Å for almost all), requiring the light at thesewavelengths to be dominated by very cool stars.
| A new catalogue of ISM content of normal galaxies
We have compiled a catalogue of the gas content for a sample of 1916galaxies, considered to be a fair representation of ``normality''. Thedefinition of a ``normal'' galaxy adopted in this work implies that wehave purposely excluded from the catalogue galaxies having distortedmorphology (such as interaction bridges, tails or lopsidedness) and/orany signature of peculiar kinematics (such as polar rings,counterrotating disks or other decoupled components). In contrast, wehave included systems hosting active galactic nuclei (AGN) in thecatalogue. This catalogue revises previous compendia on the ISM contentof galaxies published by \citet{bregman} and \citet{casoli}, andcompiles data available in the literature from several small samples ofgalaxies. Masses for warm dust, atomic and molecular gas, as well asX-ray luminosities have been converted to a uniform distance scale takenfrom the Catalogue of Principal Galaxies (PGC). We have used twodifferent normalization factors to explore the variation of the gascontent along the Hubble sequence: the blue luminosity (LB)and the square of linear diameter (D225). Ourcatalogue significantly improves the statistics of previous referencecatalogues and can be used in future studies to define a template ISMcontent for ``normal'' galaxies along the Hubble sequence. The cataloguecan be accessed on-line and is also available at the Centre desDonnées Stellaires (CDS).The catalogue is available in electronic form athttp://dipastro.pd.astro.it/galletta/ismcat and at the CDS via anonymousftp to\ cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via\http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/405/5
| Physical Sources of Scatter in the Tully-Fisher Relation
We analyze residuals from the Tully-Fisher relation for theemission-line galaxies in the Nearby Field Galaxy Survey, a broadlyrepresentative survey designed to fairly sample the variety of galaxymorphologies and environments in the local universe for luminositiesfrom MB=-15 to -23. For a subsample consisting of the spiralgalaxies brighter than MiR=-18, we find strongcorrelations between Tully-Fisher residuals and both B-R color andEW(Hα). The extremes of the correlations are populated by Sagalaxies, which show consistently red colors, and spiral galaxies withmorphological peculiarities, which are often blue. If we apply anEW(Hα)-dependent or B-R color-dependent correction term to theTully-Fisher relation, the scatter in the relation no longer increasesfrom R to B to U but instead drops to a nearly constant level in allbands, close to the scatter we expect from measurement errors. We arguethat these results probably reflect correlated offsets in luminosity andcolor as a function of star formation history. Broadening the sample inmorphology and luminosity, we find that most nonspiral galaxies brighterthan MiR=-18 follow the same correlations betweenTully-Fisher residuals and B-R color and EW(Hα) as do spirals,albeit with greater scatter. However, the color and EW(Hα)correlations do not apply to galaxies fainter thanMiR=-18 or to emission-line S0 galaxies withanomalous gas kinematics. For the dwarf galaxy population, theparameters controlling Tully-Fisher residuals are instead related to thedegree of recent evolutionary disturbance: overluminous dwarfs havehigher rotation curve asymmetries, brighter U-band effective surfacebrightnesses, and shorter gas consumption timescales than theirunderluminous counterparts. As a result, sample selection stronglyaffects the measured faint-end slope of the Tully-Fisher relation, and asample limited to include only passively evolving, rotationallysupported galaxies displays a break toward steeper slope at lowluminosities.
| A catalogue and analysis of X-ray luminosities of early-type galaxies
We present a catalogue of X-ray luminosities for 401 early-typegalaxies, of which 136 are based on newly analysed ROSAT PSPC pointedobservations. The remaining luminosities are taken from the literatureand converted to a common energy band, spectral model and distancescale. Using this sample we fit the LX:LB relationfor early-type galaxies and find a best-fit slope for the catalogue of~2.2. We demonstrate the influence of group-dominant galaxies on the fitand present evidence that the relation is not well modelled by a singlepower-law fit. We also derive estimates of the contribution to galaxyX-ray luminosities from discrete-sources and conclude that they provideLdscr/LB~=29.5ergs-1LBsolar-1. Wecompare this result with luminosities from our catalogue. Lastly, weexamine the influence of environment on galaxy X-ray luminosity and onthe form of the LX:LB relation. We conclude thatalthough environment undoubtedly affects the X-ray properties ofindividual galaxies, particularly those in the centres of groups andclusters, it does not change the nature of whole populations.
| Spectrophotometry of Nearby Field Galaxies: The Data
We have obtained integrated and nuclear spectra as well as U, B, Rsurface photometry for a representative sample of 196 nearby galaxies.These galaxies span the entire Hubble sequence in morphological type, aswell as a wide range of luminosities (MB=-14 to -22). Here wepresent the spectrophotometry for these galaxies. The selection of thesample and the U, B, R surface photometry is described in a companionpaper. Our goals for the project include measuring the current starformation rates and metallicities of these galaxies, and elucidatingtheir star formation histories, as a function of luminosity andmorphology. We thereby extend the work of Kennicutt to lower luminositysystems. We anticipate that our study will be useful as a benchmark forstudies of galaxies at high redshift. We describe the observing, datareduction, and calibration techniques and demonstrate that ourspectrophotometry agrees well with that of Kennicutt. The spectra spanthe range 3550-7250 Å at a resolution (FWHM) of ~6 Å andhave an overall relative spectrophotometric accuracy of ~+/-6%. Wepresent a spectrophotometric atlas of integrated and nuclear rest-framespectra as well as tables of equivalent widths and synthetic colors. Theatlas and tables of measurements will be made available electronically.We study the correlations of galaxy properties determined from thespectra and images. Our findings include: (1) galaxies of a givenmorphological class display a wide range of continuum shapes andemission-line strengths if a broad range of luminosities are considered,(2) emission-line strengths tend to increase and continua tend to getbluer as the luminosity decreases, and (3) the scatter on the generalcorrelation between nuclear and integrated Hα emission-linestrengths is large.
| Surface Photometry of Nearby Field Galaxies: The Data
We have obtained integrated spectra and multifilter photometry for arepresentative sample of ~200 nearby galaxies. These galaxies span theentire Hubble sequence in morphological type, as well as a wide range ofluminosities (MB=-14 to -22) and colors (B-R=0.4-1.8). Herewe describe the sample selection criteria and the U, B, R surfacephotometry for these galaxies. The spectrophotometric results will bepresented in a companion paper. Our goals for the project includemeasuring the current star formation rates and metallicity of thesegalaxies, and elucidating their star formation histories, as a functionof luminosity and morphology. We thereby extend the work of Kennicutt tolower luminosity systems. We anticipate that our study will be useful asa benchmark for studies of galaxies at high redshift. We discuss theobserving, data reduction, and calibration techniques and show that ourphotometry agrees well with previous work in those cases in whichearlier data are available. We present an atlas of images, radialsurface brightness profiles, and color profiles as well as tables ofderived parameters. The atlas and tables of measurements will be madeavailable electronically. We study the correlations of galaxy propertiesdetermined from the galaxy images. Our findings include the following:(1) colors determined within the effective radius correlate better withmorphological type than with MB and (2) 50% of thelow-luminosity galaxies are bluest in their centers.
| Arcsecond Positions of UGC Galaxies
We present accurate B1950 and J2000 positions for all confirmed galaxiesin the Uppsala General Catalog (UGC). The positions were measuredvisually from Digitized Sky Survey images with rms uncertaintiesσ<=[(1.2")2+(θ/100)2]1/2,where θ is the major-axis diameter. We compared each galaxymeasured with the original UGC description to ensure high reliability.The full position list is available in the electronic version only.
| A Deep Survey of H I-selected Galaxies: The Sample and the Data
In a 21 cm neutral hydrogen survey of approximately 55 deg^2 out to aredshift of cz = 8340 km s^-1, we have identified 75 extragalactic H Isources. These objects comprise a well-defined sample of extragalacticsources chosen by means that are independent of optical surfacebrightness selection effects. In this paper we describe the Arecibosurvey procedures and H I data, follow-up VLA H I observations made ofseveral unusual sources, and Kitt Peak B-, R-, and I-band photometry fornearly all of the galaxies. We have also gathered information for someof the optically detected galaxies within the same search volume. Weexamine how samples generated by different types of search techniquesoverlap with selection by H I flux. Only the least massive H I object,which is among the lowest mass H I sources previously found, does nothave a clear optical counterpart, but a nearby bright star may hide lowsurface brightness emission. However, the newly detected systems do haveunusual optical properties. Most of the 40 galaxies that were notpreviously identified in magnitude-limited catalogs appear to begas-dominated systems, and several of these systems have H Imass-to-light ratios among the largest values ever previously found.These gas-dominated objects also tend to have very blue colors, lowsurface brightnesses, and no central bulges, which correlate stronglywith their relative star-to-gas content.
| Total magnitude, radius, colour indices, colour gradients and photometric type of galaxies
We present a catalogue of aperture photometry of galaxies, in UBVRI,assembled from three different origins: (i) an update of the catalogueof Buta et al. (1995) (ii) published photometric profiles and (iii)aperture photometry performed on CCD images. We explored different setsof growth curves to fit these data: (i) The Sersic law, (ii) The net ofgrowth curves used for the preparation of the RC3 and (iii) A linearinterpolation between the de Vaucouleurs (r(1/4) ) and exponential laws.Finally we adopted the latter solution. Fitting these growth curves, wederive (1) the total magnitude, (2) the effective radius, (3) the colourindices and (4) gradients and (5) the photometric type of 5169 galaxies.The photometric type is defined to statistically match the revisedmorphologic type and parametrizes the shape of the growth curve. It iscoded from -9, for very concentrated galaxies, to +10, for diffusegalaxies. Based in part on observations collected at the Haute-ProvenceObservatory.
| An image database. II. Catalogue between δ=-30deg and δ=70deg.
A preliminary list of 68.040 galaxies was built from extraction of35.841 digitized images of the Palomar Sky Survey (Paper I). For eachgalaxy, the basic parameters are obtained: coordinates, diameter, axisratio, total magnitude, position angle. On this preliminary list, weapply severe selection rules to get a catalog of 28.000 galaxies, wellidentified and well documented. For each parameter, a comparison is madewith standard measurements. The accuracy of the raw photometricparameters is quite good despite of the simplicity of the method.Without any local correction, the standard error on the total magnitudeis about 0.5 magnitude up to a total magnitude of B_T_=17. Significantsecondary effects are detected concerning the magnitudes: distance toplate center effect and air-mass effect.
| A multiparametric analysis of the Einstein sample of early-type galaxies. 1: Luminosity and ISM parameters
We have conducted bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis ofdata measuring the luminosity and interstellar medium of the Einsteinsample of early-type galaxies (presented by Fabbiano, Kim, &Trinchieri 1992). We find a strong nonlinear correlation betweenLB and LX, with a power-law slope of 1.8 +/- 0.1,steepening to 2.0 +/- if we do not consider the Local Group dwarfgalaxies M32 and NGC 205. Considering only galaxies with logLX less than or equal to 40.5, we instead find a slope of 1.0+/- 0.2 (with or without the Local Group dwarfs). Although E and S0galaxies have consistent slopes for their LB-LXrelationships, the mean values of the distribution functions of bothLX and LX/LB for the S0 galaxies arelower than those for the E galaxies at the 2.8 sigma and 3.5 sigmalevels, respectively. We find clear evidence for a correlation betweenLX and the X-ray color C21, defined by Kim,Fabbiano, & Trinchieri (1992b), which indicates that X-rayluminosity is correlated with the spectral shape below 1 keV in thesense that low-LX systems have relatively large contributionsfrom a soft component compared with high-LX systems. We findevidence from our analysis of the 12 micron IRAS data for our samplethat our S0 sample has excess 12 micron emission compared with the Esample, scaled by their optical luminosities. This may be due toemission from dust heated in star-forming regions in S0 disks. Thisinterpretation is reinforced by the existence of a strongL12-L100 correlation for our S0 sample that is notfound for the E galaxies, and by an analysis of optical-IR colors. Wefind steep slopes for power-law relationships between radio luminosityand optical, X-ray, and far-IR (FIR) properties. This last point arguesthat the presence of an FIR-emitting interstellar medium (ISM) inearly-type galaxies is coupled to their ability to generate nonthermalradio continuum, as previously argued by, e.g., Walsh et al. (1989). Wealso find that, for a given L100, galaxies with largerLX/LB tend to be stronger nonthermal radiosources, as originally suggested by Kim & Fabbiano (1990). We notethat, while LB is most strongly correlated withL6, the total radio luminosity, both LX andLX/LB are more strongly correlated with L6CO, the core radio luminosity. These points support the argument(proposed by Fabbiano, Gioia, & Trinchieri 1989) that radio cores inearly-type galaxies are fueled by the hot ISM.
| Star formation in the disks of H I-rich S0 galaxies
We present the results of a H-alpha emission-line imaging survey of asample of neutral-gas-rich S galaxies. We find evidence of disk H IIregions in 14 of our sample of 32 galaxies, detect nuclear or faintdiffuse circumnuclear H-alpha + forbidden N II emission in another 11galaxies without disk H II regions, and obtain upper limits for 8galaxies. We find a striking dichotomy between Ss with and without H IIregions; either a galaxy has a number of H II regions, most oftendistributed into distinct rings or ringlike structures, or there arenone down to detection limits equivalent to a single unreddened H IIregion ionized by single O stars. We find that the S0s without disk H IIregions have a lower median MH I/L(B) than those with disk HII regions, but the distributions have a large range of dispersion. Ourdata suggest that S0s may lie in a regime where local threshold effects,perhaps primarily kinematic in origin, are more important in determiningthe star formation in these galaxies than the global stabilitymechanisms that recent empirical models for large-scale star formationhave suggested prevail in later-type spirals.
| An X-ray catalog and atlas of galaxies
An X-ray catalog and atlas of galaxies observed with the EinsteinObservatory imaging instruments (IPC and HRI) are presented. The catalogcomprises 493 galaxies, including targets of pointed observations, andRSA or RC2 galaxies serendipitously included in Einstein fields. A totalof 450 of these galaxies were imaged well within the instrumentalfields, resulting in 238 detections and 2123 sigma upper limits. Theother galaxies were either at the edge of the visible field of view orconfused with other X-ray sources. For these a rough measure of theirX-ray emission is also given. The atlas shows X-ray contour maps ofdetected galaxies superposed on optical photographs and givesazimuthally averaged surface brightness profiles of galaxies detectedwith a high signal-to-noise ratio.
| H I content and FIR emission of S0 galaxies
A sample of 252 S0 galaxies is used to study the relationship between HI content and far-IR emission. Logarithms of the H I content versus thefar-IR emission are employed statistically to develop a best-fit linearregression line which is compared to a slope of approximately unity. Theslopes are different for S0 and SB0 galaxies versus S0/a and SB0/agalaxies. The distribution of the 60-100 micron flux ratio is notsignificantly affected by the presence or absence of bars nor by thedifferences between the S0 and S0/a systems. The flux ratio is higherthan the critical value of Helou in 34 percent of the cases, and thevalue holds when nuclear emission is taken into account. In cases wherethe critical value is exceeded, most far-IR emissions are expected to bedue to star formation. S0 galaxies are generally found to have a normalISM, except where the systems have accreted their H I gas. Systems withdisproportionate FIR emission can be considered galaxies that areexperiencing enhanced star formation or that have had their H I gasswept away.
| UGC galaxies stronger than 25 mJy at 4.85 GHz
UGC galaxies in the declination band +5 to +75 deg were identified byposition coincidence with radio sources stronger than 25 mJy on theGreen Bank 4.85 GHz sky maps. Candidate identifications were confirmedor rejected with the aid of published aperture-synthesis maps and new4.86 GHz VLA maps having 15 or 18 arcsec resolution, resulting in asample of 347 nearby radio galaxies plus five new quasar-galaxy pairs.The radio energy sources in UGC galaxies were classified as 'starbursts'or 'monsters' on the basis of their infrared-radio flux ratios, infraredspectral indices, and radio morphologies. The rms scatter in thelogarithmic infrared-radio ratio q is not more than 0.16 for starburstgalaxies selected at 4.85 GHz. Radio spectral indices were obtained fornearly all of the UGC galaxies, and S0 galaxies account for adisproportionate share of the compact flat-spectrum (alpha less than0.5) radio sources. The extended radio jets and lobes produced bymonsters are preferentially, but not exclusively, aligned within about30 deg of the optical minor axes of their host galaxies. The tendencytoward minor-axis ejection appears to be independent of radio-sourcesize and is strongest for elliptical galaxies.
| Galaxies possibly resembling M82-type galaxies
A list of 298 galaxies with possible features of M82 galaxies ispresented. This list contains those Irr II candidates whose images onPalomar photographs shown no trace of dust although the objects are redand suspected to be peculiar.
| Radio emission and the hot interstellar medium of early-type galaxies
The results of an analysis of a sample of 84 elliptical and S0 galaxies,observed in X-rays with the Einstein Observatory and in radio continuumat 5 GHz, are reported. Radio flux densities result in some of thelowest radio powers yet reported for early-type galaxies. Radiostructures extending beyond the optical radius are found only ingalaxies with 5 GHz radio power greater than about 10 exp 29.5ergs/s/Hz. Radio and X-ray luminosities are correlated, although withlarge intrinsic scatter, suggesting that more than one mechanism may beinvolved. A correlation between core radio power and theX-ray-to-optical ratio suggests a connection between the hot ISM andnuclear radio sources and points to accreting cooling flows as the fuelfor the radio sources. For the same radio core power, extended radiolobes tend to be associated with galaxies with relatively smallerX-ray-to-optical ratios, pointing to the importance of the hot ISM indisrupting the radio jets and confining extended radio structures.
| On the relationship between radio emission and optical properties in early-type galaxies
To study the origin of radio activity in early-type galaxies, thepossible dependence of their radio emission on basic optical parameters,such as the absolute magnitude, the central velocity dispersion sigma,and the mean surface brightness mu is explored. A sample of 743 E and SOgalaxies is used which is based on three independent radio surveys ofoptically selected galaxies with virtually complete information onmagnitudes, morphological types, redshift distances, diameters, andradio fluxes. For both E and SO galaxies, only the absolute magnitudeappears to be directly related to the radio activity, while sigma and mudo not. Also, a significant dependence of the apparent flattening onradio power is confirmed for E galaxies. Some relevant implications ofthese results are discussed.
| Properties of the X-ray emitting gas in early-type galaxies
The properties of the X-ray emitting gas in a sample of 81 E and S0galaxies observed with the Einstein Observatory are studied. Measuredfluxes for 55 of the galaxies and upper limits for 26 of them arereported. An attempt is made to use consistent optical parameters forthe galaxies, including a correction to the velocities for theVirgocentric flow. The sample is then used to explore the contributionfrom discrete sources, the global physical properties of the hot gas,and the implications for heating by supernovae and gravity. Finally, thequestion of the presence of heavy halos is addressed.
| The statistical distribution of the neutral-hydrogen content of S0 galaxies
The distribution of relative global H I content M(H I)/L(B) has beenderived for galaxies of types S0 and S0/a using a data set derived fromrecent H I observations in the literature. The relative H I content ofthese galaxies is found to show transitional properties betweenelliptical and spiral galaxies. The distribution of M(H I)/L(B) forS0/a's resembles that for spirals, and these galaxies may represent'fossil' spirals, i.e., galaxies whose gas has been severely depleted bystar formation. The distribution for S0's, however, resembles that forellipticals. The form of this distribution strongly suggests an externalorigin for most of the H I in S0 galaxies.
| X-ray emission from E and S0 galaxies with compact nuclear radio sources
The imaging proportional counter on the Einstein Observatory has beenused to search for X-ray emission from 13 nearby E and S0 galaxies withcompact nuclear radio sources. Five galaxies with X-ray luminosity ofabout 10 to the 41st ergs/s were detected, and one of them was resolved.These galaxies and a few similar ones observed by others are compared toa sample of radio-quiet E and S0 galaxies. The radio-emitting galaxieshave consistently greater X-ray luminosities per unit of opticalluminosity than most radio-quiet galaxies. Possible emission mechanismsand models for the resolved source, for the most powerful source, andfor the class of E/S0 galaxies with active nuclei are discussed.
| Photoelectric Observations of Interacting and Compact Galaxies
Not Available
| A survey of galaxy redshifts. IV - The data
The complete list of the best available radial velocities for the 2401galaxies in the merged Zwicky-Nilson catalog brighter than 14.5mz and with b (II) above +40 deg or below -30 deg ispresented. Almost 60 percent of the redshifts are from the CfA surveyand are accurate to typically 35 km/s.
| Neutral hydrogen absorption in early spiral galaxies
Neutral hydrogen spectra at 21 cm wavelength of the early spiralgalaxies NGC 984, NGC 5318, NGC 2911, and Mrk 331 are reported.Absorption features were detected in these four galaxies. The velocitygradients and total column densities of the absorptions suggest thatthey arise in clouds that are located in the central parts or in thewarped disks of the galaxies. For the sample of 10 galaxies with knownemission-absorption profiles, there is a weak statistical preponderanceof infall over outflow of H I toward galactic nuclei.
| Radio observations of early-type galaxies
A complete sample of 34 nearby early-type galaxies, based on the Arecibosurvey by Dressel and Condon (1978) of objects from the Uppsala GeneralCatalogue, has now been mapped at radio frequencies. New data arepresented for 23 galaxies in the sample, and references are given topublished maps of the remainder. The majority of the sources show strongjet-like structures, but others remain unresolved. These latter occurprimarily in galaxies classed as S0 in the UGC. A strong correlationbetween radio luminosity and size has been found with log P (2.7 GHz)between 23.0 and 25.0. This correlation is in the sense that weaksources are confined within the optical extent of their parent galaxies,whereas strong sources generally attain large sizes. A tentativeexplanation of this tendency is offered in terms of the flowinstabilities in beams of energetic particles passing through densemedia.
| Radial velocities of galaxies detected in the Arecibo 2380 MHz survey
The Loiano telescope's image tube spectrograph was used to obtain thepreviously unknown radial velocities of 50 galaxies detected during theArecibo 2380 MHz survey of bright galaxies, leading to the determinationof 224 radio-detected galaxy redshifts north of 15 deg. Both a 100km/sec typical standard error and minus 60 plus or minus 20 km/secsystematic zero error are derived for the velocities presented, on thebasis of comparisons with other redshift sources made on a furthersample of 35 galaxies.
| VLBI observations of galactic nuclei
A three telescope VLBI survey has been carried out of optically brightgalaxies with nuclear radio sources which are unresolved at a fewseconds of arc. Twenty out of 58 galaxies were detected at 18 cm,indicating the presence of radio structure on a scale of about 10milli-arcsec. Most of these were normal galaxies, although emissionlines were present in many cases. Fifteen of the galaxies detected inthe survey (as well as M51, M81, and M82) were then observed in a sixtelescope VLBI network experiment to determine the general structure ofthe compact nuclear sources. Models of the milli-arcsec radio structurewere developed for 17 of these 18 galaxies. Except for the unusuallycomplex source in M87, the models are all composed of a small number ofcomponents in a region no larger than a few parsecs. They resemblemodels and hybrid maps of the compact sources in quasars and activegalaxies, indicating that a common physical mechanism is probablyresponsible for the compact radio sources in a wide range of opticalobjects.
| Compact radio sources in and near bright galaxies
Compact radio sources in galaxies stronger than 35 mJy at 2380 MHz fromthe Arecibo survey of galaxies brighter than a photographic magnitude of+14.5 have been detected and observed at 2695 and 8085 MHz with the NRAOthree-element interferometer. Accurate radio and optical positions showthat all compact radio sources identifiable with these galaxies arelocated in their nuclei. Five new BSO (blue stellar object)/galaxy pairswere discovered, and the BSO 0241 +011 lies in a spiral arm of thegalaxy U02210 = N1073. The number of BSO/galaxy pairs is compatible withrandom projection of cosmological QSOs onto bright galaxy fields. Mostof the nuclear compact sources, and nearly all of those with flatspectra, are found in E or S0 galaxies. Early Hubble subtypes arefavored in spiral galaxies with compact radio sources, and there is astrong tendency for them to occur in paired galaxies. These observationsare interpreted in terms of accretion by massive black holes in galacticnuclei.
| Brightness distributions in compact and normal galaxies. II - Structure parameters of the spheroidal component
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1977ApJ...218..333K&db_key=AST
|
Yeni bir Makale Öner
Ýlgili Baðlantýlar
Yeni Bir Baðlantý Öner
sonraki gruplarýn üyesi:
|
Gözlemler ve gökölçümü verileri
Kataloglar ve belirtme:
|
